The figure of Hercules in old Polish literature. Motives and parallels

Firstly, in Old Polish Literature, the figure of Hercules, who is in fact the most famous character in classical Greek mythology, draws parallels to the origins and deeds of various individuals from military, political, and scientific fields. Especially in Polish literature of the 17th century, which was to some extent a reflection of the turbulent and rather complicated situation of the Polish Commonwealth’s nobility, Samaritan heroes, who defend their homelands, were oftentimes given features of mythical heroes, treated like characters of high morale, and were widely used as role models. Secondly, Old Polish Literature also used several mythical plots in relation to Hercules; from the legends of his birth, the demigod’s childhood and adolescence, to, most importantly, the Twelve Labours of Hercules, but also encompassing adventures of secondary importance, such as his expeditions together with his entourage.